Carriage operating mechanism for accounting machines



June 29, 1943.

J. DAVIDSON CARRIAGE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR ACCOUNTING MACHINES Original Filed May 20, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG; 1 23 :857 E v 36 v /74.. 9o 8 759 n5 52 56 l 2 L59 L I78 ,0 o '1; o o g l l l /7 w 37 29 v 37 l8 /76 64 5/ J g M C' l,

I 323 Hi John T. Davidlon I Inventor WWW Hi Attorney June 29,1943. J. T. DAVIDSON 2,323,012

CARRIAGE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR ACCOUNTING MACHINES Original FiledMay 20, 19:57 s Sheets-Sheet 2 John T. Davidson Inventor ByMW Hi: At torney I June 29, 1943. I J. T. DAVIDSI.ON

CARRIAGE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR ACCOUNTING MACHINES Original Filed May 20, 193'! s Sheets-Sheet s fi w 2.

John T. Dina-on lnvontor His At torney Patented 2Q, 1943 CARRIAGE OPERATING MECHANISM roa ACCOUNTING memes John T. Davidson,

Oakwood, Ohio, asaignor to The National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Maryland Continuation of application'serial No. 143,641,

May 20, 1937. This application Serial No. 385,770

March 28, 1941,

4 Claims. (Cl. 197-65! This invention. relates to typewriting, accounting or bookkeeping machines having a laterally shiftable traveling carriage, and more particularly pertains to animpositive means for driving the carriage in its working direction with a high initial but decaying acceleration.

This application is a continuation of the application of John TQDavidson, Serial No. 143,641, filed May 20, 1937.

Because of the weight of traveling carriages on such described machines, a constantly applied driving force as heretofore used results in a low initial speed which increases the farther the carriages moves from rest position. This low initial and accelerating movement of the carriage resuits in two disadvantages; first, the movement of the carriag is sluggish at the beginning of its movement, wasting time on short spacing movements, and second, the carriage moves too fast at the end of a long spacing movement, causing a shock to the machine when suddenly stopped, accompanied by-a rebound of the carriage in the reverse direction and consequent misalinement of the record material.

The present invention provides a hydraulic drive for such a traveling carriage that supplies a surplus force to move the carriage at the beginning of' its movement from a state of rest, which surplus force is dissipated as the speed of the carriage increases to a determined maximum. Thus, at the outset of the carriage movement the acceleration is greatest and then decays toward zero. By adjustments of the drive, as

provided, much greater force is impositively applied to the carriage at the beginning of its travel than is necessary to keep it in uniform motion,

but as the speed of the carriage become sufiicient, the force applied is automatically reduced to just enough to overcome friction and maintain the desired speed. In drives of an impositive nature heretofore known, notably the friction drive, the acceleration increases slowly during the entire carriage travel, because as the driving and driven parts decrease their relative motion the coefficient of friction becomes greater, thus causing a slow getaway and a high terminal velocity.

The impositive nature of applicants drive allows the carriage to be moved in a reverse direction against'the impositive drive in the ordinary manner to begin the tabulating movement anew. The stopping of the movement of the carriage, as well as its reverse movement, causes the hydraulic drive to build up potential energy, which not only prevents a rebound of the carriage as it Another object of the invention is to provide a driving means for a carriage as described, whereby on moving from a state of rest the initial acceleration of the carriage decays quickly to zero.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a drive wherein there is no rebound after the carriage is stopped abruptlyfrom full speed. Another object of the invention is to provide a drive for a tabulating movement whereby the speed of the carriage is not permitted to exceed a certain limit which is reached very quickly.

Another object of the invention is to provide a carriage drive equally operable at all positions of the carriage to provide a quickly accelerated start, which acceleration quickly decays to zero.

Another object of the invention is to provide an impositive carriage drive wherein the major portion of the carriage travel is at a constant maximum speed.

With these and incidental objects in view, the invention includes certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, the essential elements of which are set forth in appended claims, and a preferred form or embodiment of,

which is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this ,specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the machine showing the driving motor and its connection to the impositive hydraulic device that 1 drives the traveling carriage in its letter spacing or tabulating direction, and the connection of the motor to the clutch mechanism that returns the traveling carriage from to starting or initial position.

Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of the hydraulic drive and the carriage return gear.

Fig.73 is a sectional view of thehydraulic drive for moving the carriage-in its letter spacing or working direction.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the traveling carriage return mechanism.

of the carriage relative tablulated positions 3 Fig. 5 is an elevation as observed from the rear of the machine of the mechanism for controlling the tabulating movement of the traveling carriage.

Fig. 6 is a detail view of the plunger mechanism which terminates tabulat'ing movement of the carriage and reengages the escapement mechanism for the traveling carriage at the end of letter spacing or tabulating movement of said carriage.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the-traveling carriage escapement mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation, as observed from the right of the machine, illustrating the mechanism that controls the traveling carriage escapement mechanism during working movement of said carriage.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the mechanism that controls the working movement of the traveling carriage.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The present invention is shown embodied in the well known Ellis type of accounting machine fully illustrated and described in Letters Patent of the United States, No. 1,203,863, issued Novemher 7, 1916, to Halcolm Ellis, Patent No. 1,819,084,

issued August 18, 1931, to Emil J. Ens, and Patent No. 2,038,717, issued to Raymond A. Christian, October 9, 1935. Only the mechanism of the Ellis machine pertinent to the present invention will be described in detail in this specification, as reference may be had to the above patents for a full disclosure of the Ellis machine. The invention can be applied to any machine having a traveling carriage, and the Ellis type of machine the record material, and when so equipped, the

machine is provided with an escapement mechanism operated by the typewriter keys for lettertspacing the traveling carriage. The escapement mechanism also holds the carriage against tabulating movement. Releasing the carriage for tabulation renders the escapement mechanism inefiective and moves a stop bar into the path of a series of stops, adjustably mounted on the: carriage to correspond to the different columns of the record material. Tabulation of the carriage is terminated by one of the stops contacting the stop bar which is unlatched by the impact and immediately moves out of the path of the stop. The stop then contacts an escapement control plunger which is likewise unlatched by the impact and immediately causes the escapement mechanism to become effective to hold the carriage against further tabulation.

The. traveling carriage has connected to the back thereof a horizontal rack which meshes with the driven member of an impositive fluid-operated, or hydraulic, drive similar to a gear pump, the driving member of said device being geared to the continuously operating motor which also drives the machine and the carriage return mechanism. This hydraulic drive forms an impositive connection between the operating motor and the traveling carriage that tends to constantly urge said carriage in its working or tabulating direction. The fluid connection, between the elements of the hydraulic drive, permits the carriage to be held stationary or returned in the opposite direction to tabulating direction against the action of said drive. When the carriage is held against tabulating movement, the hydraulic drive builds up a potential source of energy which firmly holds said carriage in tabulated position, and when the carriage is again released for tabulation this excess of energy causes the carriage to immediately and quickly get under way without the sluggishness apparent in other heretofore known methods of moving the carriage in a tabulating direction. As the carriage gets under way, the pressure is reduced, causing saidcarriage to move at uniform speed. This decrease in acceleration of the carriage as its velocity increases allows a quick get-away without high terminal velocity and with a greater average speed than is possible with a spring or friction drive.-

When movement of the traveling carriage is abruptly terminated, by the stop mechanism, by draulic pressure is immediately built up in the drive, and this pressure restrains the traveling carriage against excessive rebound, irrespective of whether said carriage was tabulated a long or a short distance. v

The hydraulic drive, in addition to driving the carriage in 'tabulating direction, also acts as a governor to control the speed of the tabulatlng movement to a fixed maximum. 1

Comparing the hydraulic drive, outlined above,

with a, spring driven or friction driven traveling carriage, the spring or friction drives, on being released for movement, startslowly with their acceleration constantly increasing, gradually ulated through several intervening columnar positions, sufficient velocity and momentum are' gained thereby to cause rebounding of the carriage when the movement thereof is abruptly terminated. This excessive rebounding slows up the operation of the machine and sometimes causes the wrong operations, thereby hampering the work of experienced operators who have become exceedingly fast and proficient in handling particular business'systems.

Mechanism pertinent to the present invention will now be described in detail.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Framework and traveling carriage The mechanism of the machine embodying the instant invention is supported by a right frame 30 (Fig. 9) and a left frame 3| secured to a machine base 32 (Fig. 1) said frames being maintained in relation to each other by a crossframe 33, for the escapement mechanism, and a crossframe 34 (Fig. 5), which supports the tabulating mechanism, and various other crossframes, rods and shafts. The mechanism of the machine is enclosed in a suitable case or cabinet 35 which is in turn secured to the base 32.

A traveling carriage 36 (Fig. 1) is supported for horizontal shifting movement upon the case 35 by means of a rail 29 on the back thereof, in cooperation with a corresponding rail 31 mounted upon the case 35, both of said rails having matched angular grooves therein, which in cooperation with ball bearings (not shown) permit free and easy movement of the traveling carriage while maintaining said carriage in acbushing 48 fast in a plate 49 curate alinement. The front of the traveling carriage is supported by rollers (not shown) mounted thereon in cooperation with a rail (not shown) secured to the case 33. The carriage 36 supports a platen roll 23 adapted to present record material, carried thereby. to the printing mechanism.

In figures, such as Fig. 9, where the frame- A work is shown in phantom by dot and dash lines, where the dot and dash lines of such framework do not show behind the other parts, it indicates that such parts are in front of the framework.

The mechanismof the return mechanism, and the carriage tabulating mechanism, are operated by a conventional type.

of continuously running electric motor 33 (Fig. 1) which is secured to the machine base 33. The shaft 39 of the motor 33 is geared to the driving member of the well known Ellis clutch mechanism, not shown herein but disclosed in U. S. Patent 1,601,102, issued September 28, 1926, to F. W. Bernau. The driven member of the clutch mechanism is connected by a link 43 (Fig. 9) to an arm 4i secured on the right-hand end of a main operating shaft 42 joumaled in the frames 30 and 3|.

Releasing the machine for operation causes the driven member of the clutch to be connected to the driving member whereupon the arm 4i and the shaft 42 are rocked first counter-clockwise,

machine, the carriageas viewed in Fig. 9, and then back to normal position through an approximate angle of 60 degrees, after which the driven member of the clutch is disconnected from the driving member in the usual and well known manner.

Tabulating drive of carriage The traveling carriage 36 is driven in its letter spacing, working or tabulating direction, which is from the left toward the right, as viewed from the back of the machine (Fig. 1), by an impositive hydraulic drive instead of the conventional spring or friction mechanism. The hydraulic drive is actuated by the motor 38, and the shaft 39 of said motor is connected by various spiral gears (not shown) to a vertical shaft 43, Journaled in a framework 44 secured to the motor framework. The shaft 43 drives the carriage return mechanism in a manner later to be described, and in addition has secured thereon a gear 45 which meshes with and drives a gear 46 secured on a vertical shaft 41 Joumaied in a secured to the frame 'I'heshaft 41 is connected by a universal shaft 50 to a shaft 5i, operating the hydraulic drive,

journaled in a hydraulic drive housing 52 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and having secured on the upper end thereof a gear 53 which meshes with and drives a gear 54. The ends of .the teeth of the gears 33 and 54 flt snugly in corresponding arcuate recesses which merge with each other and have connected therewith a D-shaped channel 55 (Fig. 2) which forms a circulating path for the viscous fluid which serves as an operating and a connecting medium for the hydraulic drive mechanism. The arcuate recess for the gear 54, in cooperation with the ends of the teeth of said gear,'forms a bearing therefor.

Teeth in the periphery of the housing 52 (Figs. 1 and 2) mesh with a rack 56 having upturned ears with camming slots 51 therein, which en- 13 supported by to the framework of the carriage 33. A gasket screws '3, seals the fluid channel and the recesses for the gears, in said housing 33 against leakage. The housing I2 is rotatably mounted by means of a hub 33 (Figs. 1 and 3) thereo1 in c0- operation with a bushing 34 secured in a plate I in turn secured to the rail 31. The hole in the hub 33 for the shaft II is counterbored and threaded to receive a packing washer 36 and its associated packing nut 31 which seal said hole against leakage.

The motor 33 drives the shaft 3i (Figs. 1 and 2) and the gears 33 and 34 in the directions lndicated by the arrows causing the pump-like action of the teeth of said gears to force the fluid contained in the recesses for said gears and in the channel 53, in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2. Therefore it is readily seen that a fluid connection is effected between the gears 33 and 54 and the housing 52, which tends to rotate said housing in the same direction (clockwise Fig. 2) as the gear 53. The amount of rotating action which is imparted to the housing 52 by the gears 33 and 54 is regulated by a metering screw 83 (Figs. 2 and 3) threaded in the channel 33. Decreasing the opening in the channel 55 increases the fluid pressure and causes the pump action of the gears 53 and 54 to exert increased rotating influence -upon the housing 52.

The housing 52 in cooperation with the rack 36 tends to drive the carriage 36 in its letter spacing, working or tabulating direction, which is from left to right, as viewed in Fig. 1. When the traveling carriage 36 and th housing 52 are restrained against tabulating movement, the gears 53 and 54 simply circulate the liquid through the by-pass channel 55, creating pressure which is available immediately the carriage is released to cause a quick initial acceleration of the carriage which quickly set by regulating screw 63. Thus the great inertia of the resting carriage is overcome very quickly by the excess build up of pressure in the drive housing, no matter at what point the carriage is resting, which ment over drives whic is an enormous improvecause a slow get-away or drives requiring excessive carriage speeds.

. writer keys are used the escapement mechanism is caused to operate step-by step to letter-space the record material wound around the platen roll. The manner in which the typewriter keys operate the escapement mechanism will now be described.

Directing attention to Figs. 8 and 9,-a typewriter key lever 69, vwhich is representative of all the typewriter key levers, is pivoted on a rod the frames 30 and 3i and said key lever carries a stud H, which cooperates with a camming slot in a type operating lever 12 pivoted on a rod I3, extending between the frames 30 and 3i. cooperates with a universal bar 14 mounted in slots in two forwardly extending arms of a yoke 15, said arms being pivoted on studs 16 in similar bent-over portions of a bracket ll, said'bracket in turn being pivoted on studs 18 in extensions of the escapement frame 33. Rearward extensions of the yoke 15 (Figs. 7 and 8) support a pin I3 decays to the speed The upper end of the lever 12 which fits loosely in a hole in a downward extension of a lever 88 free on a stud 8| secured in the frame 88.

Plvotally connected to an upward extension of the lever 88 is a bracket 82 having secured in a bent-over ear thereof one end of a rod 83, the other end of which fits loosely in a hole in an extension of alever free on a stud 88 fast in the frame 88. Also fulcrumed on the stud 85 is an escapement pawl 88 urged counter-clockwise by a spring 81 to normally maintain a tooth thereof in engagement with the teeth of an escapement ratchet 88 secured on the lower end of a vertical shaft 88 journaled in a bushing in the frame 33 (Fig. 8), and having secured on the upper end thereof a pinion 88 which meshes with a horizontal rack 8| secured to the framework of the traveling carriage 38. The spring 81 normally maintains an extension of the pawl 88 in contact with an eccentric 82 by means of which the tooth of said pawl is adjusted in relation to the teeth of the ratchet 88. The lever 88 is adjusted in relation to the yoke I by means of an adjustable collar 83 free on the rod 83 and its cooperating adjusting and locking nuts. A spring 88, tensioned between the pivot for the bracket 82 and an extension of the lever 88, normally maintains said extension in contact with the collar 83.

Depressing the key 68 (Fig. 9) rocks the lever 12' counter-clockwise, causing the upper end of said lever in cooperation with the universal bar 18 to shift the yoke forwardly. Forward movement of the yoke 15 rocks thelever 88 (Figs. 7 and 8) clockwise, which movement, by means of the rod 83, rocks the lever.88 also clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 7, to cause the eccentric 92 on lever 88 to bear against the left end of the escapement pawl 88 to disengage the tooth of the escapement pawl 88 from the teeth of the ratchet 88. This frees the traveling carriage to the action of the hydraulic drive (Fig.

l) which causes said carriage to move toward the right, as here viewed, until a tooth of said ratchet 88 contacts a stop pawl 95 pivoted upon the lever 88. When the key 68 is released the yoke 15 is spring returned rearwardly to return the lever 88 (Fig. 8) counter-clockwise, which in turn permits the spring 88 (Fig. 7) to return the lever 88 counter-clockwise to move the stop pawl 85 out of the path of the teeth of the ratchet 88 and to move the escapement pawl 88 back into the path of said teeth to complete the escapement movement of the traveling carriage. When the traveling carriage is returned from .tabulated positions to starting position, the

ratchet 88 is reversely rotated, whereupon the teeth thereof ratchet under or bypass the tooth of the escapement pawl 88.

Return movement of the traveling carriage 88 is terminated by means of a lug 88. on a return marginal stop 91 (Figs. 4 and 5), adjustably mounted on a stop bar 88, secured to the framework of the traveling carriage, in cooperation with the upper end of a stop plunger 88; slidriage, in the manner explained above. and in addition, manipulative means is provided for raising said plunger into the path of tabulating stops, mounted on the stop bar 98, and for simultaneously disengaging the escapement mechanism, to permit the traveling carriage to tabulate under influence of the hydraulic drive mechanism until such movement is terminated by one of said stops contacting the plunger 88.

A spring I88 (Fig. 5) urges the plunger 88 upwardly to normally maintain a square stud I81, carried thereby, in contact with a rounded nose on an extension of a lever I88 pivoted on a stud I88 in the frame 38. A spring -II8, which is strong enough to overcome the action of the spring I88, urges the lever I88 clockwise to nor-v mallymaintain an extension III thereof in contact with a pad formed on the frame 38.

conveniently located to the right of the complement of typewriter keys, where it may be easily reached by the operator.

Depressing the lever II8 rocks the levers H5 and I88 counter-clockwise and clockwise, re-

spectively, as viewed in Fig. 9, and clockwise and.

counter-clockwise, respectively, as viewed in Fig. 5, against the action of the spring II8 to lift the rounded nose of said lever I88 away from the stud I81 to permit the spring I86 to carry the plunger 98 upwardly into the path of the lug II2 on the stop H3. 1

The nose II8 of the lever I88 (Figs. 5, 8 and 9) overlies a stud I2I fast in a plunger I22 mounted to slide vertically in a slot in a pad on the frame 38. The plunger I22 has an aperture into which projects an extension of a bell crank I23 pivoted on a bracket I 28 secured to the frame 38. The bell crank I23 is pivotally connected by a link I25 to one arm of a lever I28, free on a stud I2I in the frame 33. Another arm of the lever I28 is connected by a link I28 to an arm of a yoke I28 rotatable on a rod I38 supported by downwardly extending ears of the frame 33.

Depression of the lever H8 and consequent downward movement of the nose H8 of the lever I88, causes said nose in. cooperation with the stud I2I to shift the plunger I22 downwardly to rock the bell crank I23 counter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 8, which in turn rocks the lever I28 and the yoke I29 clockwise. Clockwise movement of' the yoke I28 causes an upwardly extending arm I3I thereof to engage an extension I32 (Fig. 7) of the escapement pawl 88 and rock the tooth of said escapement pawl out of engagementwith the teeth of the escapement ratchet 88 to release the traveling carriage to the action of the hydraulic drive shown in Fig. 1, which immediately tabulates said carriage until. the lug 2 (Fig. 5) on the stop II3 contacts the plunger :8. Releasing the manipulative lever II8 permits the spring II8 (Fig. 5) to return the lever I88 clockwise to move the upper end of the plunger 98 out of the path of the lug H2 and to permit'a spring I33 (Fig. 8) to return the lever I28 and the yoke I28 counter-clockwise to render the escapement The lever I88 positions the plunger 88 so that the -fits loosely in a slot mechanism efl'ective to hold the carriage against further tabulating movement.

Automatic tabulating mechanism tomatic tabulating means is subject to manual control by means of which it may be made to function at will without operating the machine.

The automatic tabulating means is not in any way connected with or dependent upon the manual tabulating means Just described, and may be properly termed a complete tabulating mechanism in itself, having its own set of stops and their associated control and stop bars.

Referring to Fig. 9, the arm 4|, which operates the. main shaft 42, is connected by a link 7 I34 to an arm I35 connected to a printer operating shaft I38, journaled in the frame 30 and the printer framework. Initial movement counter-clockwise of the arm 4I moves the link I34 upwardly, causing an angular nose on a spring pulled hook I31 mounted thereon, to by-pass a stud I38 in a lever I38 loose on the stud H8, whereupon said hook I31 I38. Return movement clockwise of the arm H and consequent downward movement of the link I34 causes the hook I31 incogperation with the stud I38 to carry the lever I39 downwardly in unison therewith.

The lever I38 (Figs. 5, 6 and 9) is slotted to receive one end of a'lever I40 fulcrumed on a stud I in the frame 34, while another extension of said lever I40 underlies ,an arm of a lever I42 pivoted on a stud I43 in the frame 34. A spring I44 urges the lever I42 counter-clockwise, as viewed in Figs. 5 and 6, to normally maintain a raised surface thereof against a pad formed on the frame 34. Downward movement of the lever I33 rocks the lever I42 clockwise (Figs. 5 and 6) against the action of the spring I44, causing a pad on the bottom surface of said lever in cooperation with the stud I 2| to shift the plunger I22 downwardly (see also Figs. I and 8) to disengage the escapement pawl 88 from the ratchet 88, in the manner explained earlier herein, to release the traveling carriage for tabulating movement under influence of the hydraulic drive shown in Fig. 1.

The lever I42 (Fig. 6) carries a stud I45, which extends through a slot in the lower end. of a tabulating stop bar I48, the upper end of which I80 in a built up portion of the frame 34. A torsion spring I41, in cooperation with a stud I48 in the bar I48, urgessaid bar upwardly in unison with the lever I42. Clockwise movement of the lever. I42 causes a square stud I43 therein to move beyond the latching surface of a hook I50, free on a stud I52 in the frame 34, whereupon a torsion spring I5I urges said hook clockwise into the path of the stud I48 to obstruct counter-clockwise movement of the lever I42 when the hook I31 (Fig. 9) rides oil the stud I38, near the end of return movement downwardly of the link I34. Clockwise movement of the hook I50, under influence of the spring I5I, causes a hump I53 thereon to engage and rock the bar I48 counter-clockwise latches over said stud pad which cooperates with said pawl to 5 into contact with the left wall (Fig. '6) of the slot I80.

.The stud I48 (Fig. 5) extends througha slot in an escapement control bar I54, adjacent the stop'bar I48, the upper end of which fits loosely in the slot Iand the lower end of which is pivotalLv connected to a lever I55 fulcrumed on the stud I43. The lever I55 is the lever I42 and has a downwardly extending the stud I2I in'exa'ctly the same manner as said lever I42. A spring I58 urges the bar I54 counter-clockwise to normally maintain an undercut portion on the upper end thereof in contact with a square stud I51 in an arm I58 pivoted on a screw stud I58 in the frame 34 clockwise, by a spring I85, into contact with a stop stud. The stud I48 carries the bar I54 upwardly in unison with the bar I48 until a notch whereupon the spring I58 urges the bar I 54 counter-clockwise to engage said notch with the stud I51 to obstruct downward movement of said bar I54.

Upward movement of the bars I48 and I54, in the manner explained above, moves their respective extensions I88 and I81 into the path of a stopping lug I88 (Figs. 5 and 6) on a tabulating stop I83 adjustably mounted on the stop bar 88. Near the end of. the tubulating movement of the traveling carriage the lug I88 engages the extension I88 and carries the bar I48 clockwise into contact with the right-hand wall of the slot I80 in the frame 34, whereupon tabulating movement of the traveling carriage'is terminated. This clockwise movement of the bar I 48--,.rocks the hook I50 out of engagement with the stud I48 to release the lever I42 to the action of the spring I44, which immediately returns said lever and the bar I48 downwardly, to the position shown in Fig. .6. The projection I88 protrudes far enough beyond the projection I81, of the 'bar I54, to prevent the lug I88 from engaging said projection I 81 when the bar I48 is rocked into contact with the wall of the slot I80.

Downward movement of the bar I48, as explained-above, moves the projection I88 thereof out of the path oi the lug I88 permitting the traveling carriage to tabulate a slight distance further until said lug I88 contacts the projection I81 of the bar I54, and rocks said bar clockwise to disengage the notch therein from the stud I51. Upon being thus released the bar I54 and the lever I55 are returned downwardly and counterclockwise respectively to normal positions by a torsion spring I10 (Figs. 5 and 8) thereby releasing the plunger I22 and connected mechanism,

to the action of the spring I33, which immediately rocks the yoke I29 counter-clockwise to move the arm I3I (Fig. 7) out of engagement with the extension I32 of the pawl 88, to permit return into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet "to hold the traveling carriage against further tabulating movement.

In case the traveling carriage is accidentally or inadvertently returned toward starting position when the bars I48-and I54 (Figs. 5 and 8) are in upward positions, angular surfaces on the upper ends of said bars permit the lug I68 to cam said bars downwardly until said lug by-passes said bars. The slot in the lower end of the bar I48 permits. such downward movement thereof, independently ofthe lever I 42, and the springpulled arm I 58 permits such downward movement of the bar I54 and after the lug I88 has lay-passed similar in outline to and said arm I58 is urged said bars they are immediately returned upwardly to effective positions.

In addition to the .automatic means described above, manual means is also provided for rocking the lever I39 (Fig. 9) downwardly to rend? the tabulating mechanism effective. This mea s includes a tabulating key I00, located on the right-hand side of the adding machine keyboard and urged upwardly by a spring not shown. The key I has in its lower end a stud IOI which cooperates with a shoulder I02 on an arm I03 pivoted on the lever I39 and urged counter-clockwise or forwardly by a spring I08 to normally maintain a bent-over ear thereof in contact with the lower surface-of the lever I39.

Depressing the tabulating key I00 causes the stud MI, in cooperation with the shoulder I02, to rock the lever I33 downwardly or clockwise to cause the traveling carriage to tabulate in the manner explained above. Before the key I00 is fully depressed the stud IOI rides oil the shoulder I02 permitting the lever I 39, which has been carried a slight distance beyond set position, to be spring-returned to set position to move the shoulder I02 above the stud I0l. When the tabulating key I00 is released it is spring-returned upwardly, whereupon the stud IOI by-passes the shoulder I02, causing the arm I03 and the stud IOI to come to rest in proper relation to each other, as shown in Fig. 9.

Carriage return mechanism immediately to starting position against the urge of the hydraulic drive. In addition to the automatic means, manual means is provided for rendering the carriage return mechanism effective to return the traveling carriage from any tab'ulated position to initial or starting position.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the shaft 03 is connected by a universal shaft I1I to a short vertical shaft I12 opposite ends of which are journaled in parallel cross members of a frame I13 secured to the case 35. Secured on the upper end of the shaft I12 is a disc I14 having a plurality of clutch. teeth adapted to cooperate with similar teeth on a carriage return gear I15 free on the shaft I12 and meshing with the rack 56. A downwardly extending hub of the gear I15 has an annular groove which embraces the rounded end of a shifting lever I16 free on a stud I11 in the frame I13. The gear I15 has two positions: a disengaged position as here shown and an engaged position, in which the clutch teeth thereof are engaged with the clutch teeth ofthe disc I", and said return gear I15 is retained in either of its positions by means of a nose I10 on the lever I16 in cooperation with a spring-pulled rev taining pawl I19 fulcrumed on a stud. in the frame I13.

A closely coiled spring I80 connects the lever I18 to a beam I8I pivoted on a stud I82 in the case 35 and having a left-hand extension which overlies the end of alever I83 (see alsoFig. 4)

I pivoted on a bracket I" secured to the case 35.

The forward end of the lever I83 is straddled by the bifurcated lower end of a plunger I85 free in a vertical hole in the case 35, the upper end of said. plunger being rounded to facilitate cooperation with a camming 1118 0113868 8 1'? turn bar I86 mounted for horizontal sliding I movement in a groove in the case 35.

When the traveling carriage nears the end of its tabulating movement, a downward projection on a carriage return arm I81 (Fig. 4) pivoted on a stop I88 adjustably mounted on the bar 98, engages an upturned portion I89 of the bar I86 and slides said bar toward the left, as here viewed, causing the camming lug thereon, in cooperation with the rounded upper end of the plunger I85, to rock the lever I83 counter-clockwise. Counter-clockwise movement of the lever I83 rocks the lever IOI clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 1, which, by means of the spring I80, rocks the lever I16 counter-clockwise to shift the clutch teeth on the return gear I15 into engagement with the corresponding clutch teeth onthe return disc I14.

The continuously running motor 38 (Fig. 1) drives the clutch disc I14 in the direction indicated by the arrow, and as the return gear I15 is clutched thereto it necessarily rotates in unison therewith and in cooperation with the rack 56 returns the traveling carriage 36 from tabulated position to starting position, or from right to left as viewed in Fig. 1, and from left to right as viewed in Fig. 4. The automatic return of the carriage may be rendered inoperative by moving the arm I81 clockwise (Fig. 4) until the projection thereof is out of the path of the upturned portion I89 of the bar I86. I

Return movement of the traveling carriage is terminated by the lug 96 on the marginal stop 91 coming in contact with the plunger 99 whereupon continued rotation of the return gear I15 (Fig. 1) shifts the rack 56 toward the left independently of the traveling carriage 36 and against the action of a spring (not shown). It

will be recalled that the rack 56 is guided in its sliding movement by the camming slots 51,

in cooperation with rollers 58. Near the end of the independent movement of the rack 56 the contour of the slots 51 in cooperation with the rollers 58 shifts said rack downwardly, causing the teeth therein, in cooperation with a flange I90, integral with the return gear I15 and adjacent the teeth of said gear, to shift said gear downwardly to disengage the clutch teeth thereof from the clutch teeth of the return disc I18 to terminate return movement of the traveling carriage. After the return gear is thus disengaged the rack 56 is spring-returned to the position shown in Fig. 1. wear of the nose of the lever I16, the face of the flange I bears on a pin I! when the return gear I15 is in disengaged position.

In addition to the automatic return of the traveling carriage, the bar I86 (Fig. 4) has a forwardly extending fingerpiece I92, by means of which said bar I86 may be manually shifted toward the left to cause the traveling carriage to be returned from any desired tabulated position. The traveling carriage return mechanism may also be set in motion manually by means of a lever I93, the forward end of which extends through an opening in the case 35 and terminates in a flngerpiece I94, which is conveniently located in relation to the typewriter keyboard, while the rearward end of said lever is pivotally mounted adjacent the lever I83 on the bracket I84. A spring I95 normally retains the lever I93 in its upward position, as here shown. Depressing the lever I93 causes a hook-shaped portion I96 thereof, in cooperation with a stud I91 in the lever I83, to rock said lever counter- To prevent unnecessary.

'that it is not intended clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 4. to render the carriage return mechanism operative, in the manner explained above.

During return movement of the traveling carriage 36' (Fig. 1) the housing 52 of the hydraulic drive mechanism is rotated in an opposition direction to the shaft 5|, which is possible due to the fluid connection between said housing and said shaft.

From the foregoing description it is apparent that the salient feature of the instant invention is the hydraulic drive applied to a tabulating carriage, which replaces the heretofore used conventional spring or friction disc actuated mechanism for driving the carriage in its working or tabulating direction, said hydraulic drive being actuated by a continuously running motor which also drives the carriage return mechanism and the machine operating mechanism. The improvements resulting from the use of applicants hydraulic drive in combination with a tabulating carriage, as described, are high initial speed, high average speed for short or long tabulations, and moderate terminal velocity on long tabulations. J

While the form of mechanism herein shown and described is admirably adapted to fulfill the objects primarily stated, it is to be understood to confine the invention to the one form or embodiment herein disclosed. for it is susceptible of embodiment in various forms all coming within the scope of the claims which follow. a

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine of the class described including a movable carriage and releasable means for holding the carriage from movement in one direction, the combination of a motor; a gear pump including driving and driven members and a throttled passage and acting to pump a fluid through said passage, resistance to flow offered by said passage creating a, back pressure tending to drive said driven member; driving connections between said motor and said driving member: and driving connections between said driven developed in said generator;

member and said carriage, whereby, when the motor is operating and the by said releasable means, potential energy is generated by said pump tending to move the carriage which energy decreases as said carriage moves when released.

2. In a machine of the class described including a movable carriage and releasable means for holding the carriage from movement in one direction, the combination or a motor; a pump including driving and driven members and a throttled passage, said driving member pumping a fluid through said passage and the back pressure generated by the resistance to flow of said passage tending to move said driven member; drive connections between said motor and pump driving member; and drive connections between said driven member and the carriage, whereby potential energy is created by operation of the motor tending to move the carriage from a position of rest, which energy is decreased by movement of the carriage.

3.'In a machine of the class described including a movable carriage and releasable means for holding the carriage against movement in one direction, the combination of a motor; a fluidpressure generator driven thereby; a carriagedriving member actuated by the fluid pressure tions between said member and said carriage, whereby pressure tending to drive said carriage from a position of rest is built up when the carriage is held at rest and the motor is operating.

4. In a machine of the class a movable carriage and releasable means for holding the carriage against movement in one direction, the combination of a motor; and driving connections between said motor and said carriage including a fluid coupling of a type permitting slip but developing potential energy dur-' ing slip, which energy is available to start said carriage from rest, development of said energy being decreased by movement of the carriage.

JOHN T. DAVIDSON.

carriage held at rest and driving connecdescribed including- 

